Algae :: Sea weed

Recently, I interviewed someone from the Island of Orkney, off the northern shore of Scotland. He described the seas as being nutrient rich and crystal clear. Traditionally, sea weed, (called sea vegetables in Scotland) has been used for herbal remedies, food products, animal food, cosmetics, and fertilizers. Two of the major species I was informed of were Laminaria, and Carrageen Chondrus crispus (Irish moss). Laminaria, (commonly called "kelp") has it has the ability to re-growth extremely fast, making it an almost infinitely sustainable crop. Auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins exist in large amounts, which are used for animal food supplements. Laminaria is the main seaweed used in Scotland, but Red-weed, green-weed, purple-weed, and pinkweed each with its own unique benefits. The various species are used for health products, cosmetics and natural fertilizers for gardens. The seaweed is currently used for animal and human consumption. Red seaweed gel is used for respiratory problems in animals, (particularly horses), and green seaweed gel, is used as an animal food supplement for growth and minerals. For human consumption, Red seaweed extract is used as a general tonic and Red seaweed beautifying cream and a seaweed skin rub for sports people. An interesting fact is that Orkney Gold's Seaweed Supreme won The Scottish Food Award in 1995 and 1996. It is made of different flavored kelp dips which can be substituted for tartar sauce, horse radish, mint sauce, dips for French fries, spread for sandwiches and salad dressings. The old Norse word for seaweed is ‘tang’ and ‘gathering ther tangs’, as it used to wash up on the beaches after each winter storm. It was also the only form of land nutrition available to the crofters and early farmers.

How is globalization affecting marketplaces in remote areas of the world? Essay

Quality of life for the poor is increased at an accelerated rate. The poor are better able to earn money and afford to buy the things they need. The International Monetary Fund talks about a study of the subject that was carried out by World Bank economists David Dollar and Aart Kraay: They concluded that since 1980, globalization has contributed to a reduction in poverty as well as a reduction in global income inequality. They found that in â€Å"globalizing† countries in the developing world, income per person grew three-and-a-half times faster than in â€Å"non-globalizing† countries, during the 1990s. In general, they noted, â€Å"higher growth rates in globalizing developing countries have translated into higher incomes for the poor.† Dollar and Kraay also found that in virtually all events in which a country experienced growth at a rate of two percent or more, the income of the poor rose. (IMF Staff, 2008) Information sharing capabilities are provided through the introduction of technology infrastructure introduced into remote areas. Farmers are able to research and share best practice techniques. Crop yields would likely rise. A paper by Dr. Alka Dhameja and Dr. Uma Medury discusses the Warna Wired Village Project in India: The primary objective of this project is to demonstrate the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure in the accelerated socio-economic development of villages around Warna Nagar in the Kolhapur and Sangli districts of the state of Maharashtra. The project area has a cluster of 70 villages, consisting of 46 villages from Kolhapur and 24 villages from Sangli district. It has been jointly implemented by the Government of India through the National Informatics Centre (NIC), the Government of Maharashtra, and the Warna Cooperative Society. This project was initiated to serve the information needs of the farmers for different crop cultivation practices of major crops such as sugarcane, pest and disease control; marketing and processing information etc., right up to the village level through networked facilitation booths in the villages. The  existing cooperative structure has been used along with the state of the art infrastructure to allow Internet access to the existing cooperative societies. Issues in remote areas have opened new markets for some companies. Blandine Laperche and Gilliane Lefebvre describe the â€Å"reverse innovation† approach by GE HealthCare who locates the research design centers for products in the developing country itself: The first ultra-portable electrocardiogram (ECG) was fully designed, worked out and produced in India to meet the needs of a large number of remote rural inhabitants who had to be visited by fully equipped doctors. To face the frequent mains failures that occurred in many Indian regions as well as a serious shortage of healthcare professionals, the Mac i had batteries and was designed for an easy use. It was portable and light so that doctors could get to the patients who lived in remote areas. GE HealthCare brought some of the technological advantages of developed countries to remote areas of the globe. One of the greatest things about it was that even though the performance features may be half of the original product, the cost for the new portable units were 85 percent lower.(Laperche & Lefebvre, 2012) References Dhameja, D., & Medury, D. (n.d.). Information and Communication Technology in the Globalization Era: The Socio-economic Concerns. Retrieved January 16, 2015, from http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/eropa/unpan014261.pdf IMF Staff. (2008, May 2). Issues Brief – Globalization: A Brief Overview. Retrieved January 16, 2015, from https://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/ib/2008/053008.htm Laperche, B., & Lefebvre, G. (2012). The globalization of Research & Development in industrial corporations: Towards â€Å"reverse innovation†? Retrieved January 17, 2015, from http://www.cairn.info/zen.php?ID_ARTICLE=JIE_010_0053

Research Paper on Britain in the Global Economy

Research Paper on Britain in the Global Economy Introduction The success of a given economy in international trade greatly depends on the status of its currency as well as the decisions or rather policies that are put into place as far this issue is concerned. The United Kingdom is one of the countries or rather economies that has been said to be successive in international market, despite of the recent economic crisis that has been experienced worldwide in general and specifically, in America and Europe. The success of UK in the global economy is evident from the gradual increase of the number of exporters in the country. It is a fact that, due to the recent economic crisis, the sterling pound as been significantly affected. To be more precise, the sterling pound has been weakened considerably during this crisis. From the economic point of view, a weak currency can be an opportunity for an economy to penetrate into the global economy, (Ellen, Hermerijck Knapen, 2009). However, it can also be a great challenge of venturing into the global mar ket. Thus, the success or failure of an economy experiencing a weakening currency in benefiting from the global economy, depends on the decisions that strategic decisions that are made. In most cases, these decisions are concerned with opportunity cost to allocation of resource, the impact of the policies that are enacted by the government through its agencies and business environment on the long term planning of organizations as far as economic issues are concerned. The main objective of this report is to examine the reasons why Britain has always been successful in the global market despite the weakening sterling pound and the threats that might be associated with this issue. This will be analyzed as under the following sub-headings, (Connolly, 2010). Reasons why exporters in Britain are increasing with weakening of the sterling Studies indicate that, the number of exporters are increasing despite the fact the sterling pound is becoming weaker given the recent global economic crisis. Various economists and business scholars have come up with various explanations of this trend. Unquestionably, Britain is one the few countries which has benefited from its former colonies as far as trade is concerned. Indeed, the aftermath of the Second World War was the close relationship of Britain and these colonies. To date, these colonies are the leading consumers of the products of Britain, (Charlton Stiglitz, 2005). Besides, these former colonies act as the source of the major raw materials that are used in production of goods. In fact, this is one of the reasons why several multinational corporations are based in several parts of the world, more especially in the developing countries. Consequently, there is a wide market for Britain’s exports, significantly contributing to the ever increasing number of exporters from this country, despite of the prevailing difficult financial challenges all over the world. Moreover, Britain has a comparative advantage in the manufacturing industry as well as service industry. After the end of colonization objectives of Britain more especially beginning from the end of the Second World War, Britain shifted from agricultural production to manufacturing and service production industries. This was enhanced by the fact that, the country was already developed technologically during this period as compared to other countries in the world. Since then, the two industries has been evolving and becoming the major contributors to the GDP of Britain, (Pugel, 2007). Therefore, due to this kind specialization, Britain has come has a comparative advantage in the global economy in this two sectors as compared to the other their competitors. The comparative advantage can be determined or rather measured in various ways. One of these ways is the determination of the opportunity cost of production of manufactured goods in Britain in comparison to other countries more especially those that are still developing. Studies have shown that, the opportunity cost of manufacturing products in other countries is higher in comparison to the opportunity cost of manufacturing the same products in Britain. In this case, productivity of manufacturing and service industries has been growing at a higher rate as compared to other parts of the world, (Connolly, 2010). Based on the comparative advantage argument, it is clear that exporters in Britain will continue to increase, no matter how the sterling pound is performing in the global market. Why the Sterling Pound has been weakened It is not only in Britain that performance in the global economy has declined, but also in most parts of the world more especially, in European economies and America. The main reason of this decline is attributed to the recent economic crisis. Due to this crisis, Britain’s exports have reduced considerably since 2008. This has led a reduction of capital flows that is being witnessed, (Chang, 2008). Consequently, the value of the sterling pound has been decreasing gradually in the international market. The weakening of the sterling pound can be seen to be both an advantage and a disadvantage as far as the British exports are concerned. It is an advantage because, exports from the country becomes more attractive in terms of price which contribute to an increase of the exports. This is based on the assumption from the economics point of view that, the lower the price the higher the demand. Resource allocation decisions based on opportunity cost Resource allocation is very critical for the survival of an economy in the global market. Allocations of resources depend on the state and the size of the economy. Notably, Britain is a small open economy country as compared to the leading economies in the global market. Therefore, the function of exchange rate in Britain is twofold: allocation of resources between the overseas sector and the domestic sector; and it acts as the chief diffusion mechanism between domestic and global inflation. The profitability of Britain’s exports depends greatly on the exchange rate as it is said to be the relative price, (Saleh, 2010). Consequently, from the economics point of view, it can be argued that Britain will be more competitive in the global market when there is lower exchange rate. Thus, ceteris paribus, more resources will be allocated to the trade sector. This explains the reasons why the Governor asserted that, the weakening of the Sterling Pound since the beginning of the recent ly experienced economic crisis is an opportunity for Britain to rebalance its allocation process so as to promote long-term health of the economy of the country, (E Y, 2011). Arguably, Britain is one of the countries in the world that has invested a lot in foreign countries. This is usually undertaken through multinational corporations. Therefore, in order to survive in the global economy with a weakening Sterling Pound, more resources have been allocated to the overseas sector as compared to the domestic sector. According to a survey that was carried out 2010 of firms which exported their products, about forty percent indicated that they will attempt to increase their exports if the sterling pound remained at the same status or fell further, (Pugel, 2007). Thus, even though the performance of the sterling pound is not doing well internationally, the profits that are gained from overseas investments plays a significant role in balancing the local prices. For instance, most multinational corporations from Britain are found in the developing countries. During the economic crisis more resources were allocated to these corporations. The proceeds gained from these investments will have a higher value that they could have been if investment would have been made locally. Moreover, by allocating more resources to overseas investment, the locals will be motivated to invest internationally which bring a significant impact on Britain’s exports, (Chang, 2008). Thus, the opportunity cost of investing locally with the weakening of the Sterling Pound is less as compared to that of investing overseas. Hence, the decision to allocate more resources to overseas investment as played a considerable role for the survival of the country in the global market or rather economy, as compared to the other countries whose currencies are weakening. As mentioned previously, Britain has a comparative advantage in the production of manufactured goods as well as in the service industry. Based on this argument, the opportunity cost of investing in the two industries is higher as compared to investing in other sectors. Thus, it could be more beneficial or rather profitable to allocate more resources to the two sectors in comparison to the other sectors. This is one of the many reasons why more attention is given to the two sectors than any other sectors within the economy of this country, (Saleh, 2010). Government policies Undeniably, trade is very valuable to Britain as well as other to other countries. As a matter of fact, the government significantly determines the economic status in any country through the policies that it puts in place. It is also important to note that government policies change from time to time depending on the course that its economy is undertaking as well as the status of the global economy. As mentioned above, Britain is a small open economy which can be greatly affected by the global economy, (E Y, 2011). Therefore, various government policies have been introduced in order to support the survival of the country in the global market. These policies fall into various categories; as outlined below. Export and Import policies Britain government has tried considerably to promote its exports. This has been done through putting in place economic policies that that favor an increase of the exports. For instance, the government has implemented a reduction of tariffs on exports policy. This was aimed at encouraging the exporters to produce more goods for the international market. Moreover, to some degree it leads to a reduction of production costs for the exporters. This in turn reduces the prices of these products, thus increasing their demand as compared to the same goods from other countries, (E Y, 2011). It is also true from an economic point of view that, when the currency of a given country becomes weak, its exports become relatives cheaper in the international market arena. Precisely, it will cost the foreigners less if they consume goods from such country due to the fact that, they need less of their local currency to buy the foreign currency, in this case the sterling pound. On the same note, although Britain is an open economy, the government has also tried its best to regulate the amount of imported products. The major objective of this policy is to reduce the amount of sterling pounds that are being exchanged for foreign currencies. Precisely, this is aimed at preserving the sterling pound. A good, example of import restriction policy is the implementation of import quotas, (Saleh, 2010). This is the restriction of the quantity of a given product that is imported into a given country from foreign countries. These quotas are usually implemented on goods that are considered to be less important in the local economy, more especially those with substitutions. Through import restrictions, the government promotes or rather raises the consumption of given products which are produced locally. Through these policies, the government has been able to control the outflow of local currencies. Arguably, both the import and export policies influence the balance of payment as well as balance of trade of a country. Through, these policies, Britain has had a relatively stable balance of payment as well as balance of trade, despite the fact that, its sterling pound has been considerably weakened, (E Y, 2011). Thus, the country has been able to maintain its competitiveness in the weak global economy. Manufacturing industry policies Manufacturing is one of the leading industry foreigner earners for Britain. This industry comprises the manufacturing of motors, mobile phones as well as other electronics. In order to enhance the competitiveness of Britain manufactured goods in the international market, more especially during this sterling pound weakening period, the government has come up with policies that will enable the local industries to produce better and quality goods for the global economy. Availability of advanced technology in the country also contributes to production of quality and quantity export products, (Belli, 2007). For example, in order not to compromise on the quality of Britain’s exported products, the government has reduced prices on crucial raw materials in order to discourage manufacturers for going after cheaper raw materials which might compromise the quality of the goods that they produce. Additionally, tariffs on imported raw materials used in the manufacturing industry have been reduced for a certain percentage. Through, these policies, Britain’s products have a competitive advantage in global market as compared to other countries. Monetary and fiscal policies As a matter of fact, Britain is one of the many countries in the globe that practice flexible exchange regime. As such, this means that the value of the sterling pound generally depends on the forces of demand and supply. However, in order to counter the impacts of the weakening sterling pound as a result of the global economic crisis, the government has changed some of its policies that will influence the cash inflows and outflows. It is assumed that when the interest rates increases in a country, foreign cash inflows will increase in the country in question and in this particular case, in Britain, (Lieberman Hall, 2008). This will be an advantage to Britain because it when earn more foreign exchange as well as its currency will become stronger. However, in this case, the government has implemented some monetary and fiscal policies that will regulate an increase in the interest or rather to reduce fluctuations of interest rates. Based on the fact that almost all of the potential in vestors have been affected by the global economic crisis, it will be very difficult for cash inflows to increase due to an increase in the interest rates in Britain, (Saleh, 2010). This is one of the reasons why the government decided to implement monetary policies to monitor or rather to regulate the rise of interest rate. The regulation of interest rates also impacts the export industry, in the sense that, local producers will not increase prices of their products at international market basically because the cost of production is relatively lower as compared to other parts of the world. A good example a monetary policy that was implemented in the recent past is an historic tax-cut to as low as 1.0% during the physical year 2009-2010 by the Bank of England, which controls the banking and financial institutions in Britain. The bank was also expected to bump more money into the economy by more printings, by the end of 2009. According to the Golden Rule and the Sustainable Investment Rule, the UK government should only borrow from the central bank for investment purposes and also to maintain the national debt below 40% of the GDP. However, the Sustainable Investment Rule that was not adhered when public debt rose to more than the set limit by the end of 2010. This can be explained by the fact that the economic crisis needed application of Keynesian stimulus to reverse the situation. Business environment in the global economy Generally, business environment has a remarkable impact on the performance of any economy. With globalization, many business environments have become more challenging for most countries, including Britain. For instance, globalization is one of the reasons for the increase of competition in the global market. This is mainly because almost all the countries have opened their economies; thus, participating in the global market, (Chang, 2008). Additionally, advancement of technology in various countries more especially the developed countries has further complicated operations in international market. Therefore, unlike before, it has become more challenging for countries to prosper economically by depending on international trade. It also means that, both the quality and quantity of goods that are supplied in the global market has to change to conform to certain standards in order for a country to remain competitive. Impact of government and business environment on long-term planning of organizations For organizations to survive in the or rather remain competitive in the market, planning is mandatory rather than an option. Various factors are taken into consideration during the long-term planning process. The two major factors are government policies and business environment. Organizations have to factor in government policies during the planning process. For example, there are some policies that have been set by the government in Britain to ensure that there is efficiency in the service and manufacturing industries, (Chang, 2008). These policies are aimed at regulating these industries so as to ensure that exported products are capable of positioning the country at a competitive level in the global economy. On the other hand, for the organizations to be successive, they will also need to scrutinize the impacts of the business environment as far as their profitability is concerned. There are some set standards and procedures that are supposed to be followed in the global market, (Ellen, Hermerijck Knapen, 2009). Therefore, organizations have to undertake wide research on what is required by the government based on its policies as well as the survival tactics in the dynamic business environment; during their long-term planning. Threats of Britain in the global economy As mentioned early, Britain mainly depends on the manufacturing and service industries in the international market arena. Notably, both industries are based on the better technological advancements that have been made in Britain. However, through extensive research, other counties have made big steps as far as advancement of technology is concerned. Therefore, Britain is experiencing high competition in the manufacturing as well as service industries, (Joshi, 2005.). Thus, the comparative advantages that the country was experiencing are now gradually declining, based on the fact that manufacturing of certain products are as cheaper as they are in Britain. With situation has been worsened by the impacts of globalization in the world market. Conclusion It is evident that exchange rates are significant determinants of the performance of an economy in the global market. Thus, the government has to take the initiative of ensuring that the exchange rates are favorable for the economy to remain competitive in the global market. From this analysis, it has been observed that, the number of exporters in Britain is always increasing and that, Britain remains fairly competitive in the global market despite of the weakening sterling pound. This has been attributed to the various government policies as well as the comparative advantage that Britain enjoys in the manufacturing as well as the service production industries. This explains why it is important for organization in Britain to take into consideration government policies as well as business environment situations in their long-term planning. Bibliography Belli, P. 2007. â€Å"The Comparative Advantage of Government: A Review, Policy Research† Working Paper 1834, World Bank, Washington DC Chang, H. 2008. Bad Samaritans: The Myth of Free Trade and the Secret History of Capitalism, Bloomsbury Press. Ellen, Hermerijck, A, Knapen, B. 2009. Aftershocks: Economic Crisis and Institutional Choice.Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press Connolly, J. 2010. â€Å"Economic Review: Will the Sterling Boost Ever Arrive?†Second Quarter 2010,Deloitte E Y. 2011, The Outlook for UK exports: ITEM Club Special Report.ITEM Lieberman, M Hall, R., 2008, Macroeconomics: principles and applications. Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western. Charlton, A. Stiglitz, J. E. 2005. Fair Trade For All: How Trade Can Promote Development. Oxford University Press Joshi, R. M, 2005. International Marketing, Oxford University Press, New Delhi and New York Pugel, T. A. 2007. International Economics, 13th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin Saleh, N. 2010. An Anatomy of the Financial Crisis 2007-2010: Blowing Tumbleweed. London: Anthem Press

Essay on First Union Case Study - 1750 Words

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The outcomes of unethical behavior can affect an organization’s ability to survive (Doorley Ga rcia, 2007, p. 30). In addition to these contributing factors, Meg was the first person to fall victim to strict adherence to the miscalculation of her office size. Not only that, but shortly before her promotion, the EEOC put pressure on First Union to hire female executives since none had been put in place. Meg was the first of her kind. The EEOC was trying to encourage diversity management. Diversity management is defined by the Government Accountability Office (GAO) as a practice intended to produce and maintain a positive work environment that recognizes the value of individuals’ similarities and differences, so that everyone can reach their potential and make the most of their contributions to an organization’s strategic goals and objectives (GAO, 2013, p. 5). What are the forces for cultural change at First Union? Cultural changes will need to start from the top down. 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Different Styles Of Verbal Communication - 862 Words

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After our Encounters class on verbal communication, I was able to better understand how I communicate with others. I realized that being brought up in a low context culture, in addition to the fact that I was an immigrant, has made me to be moreRead MoreDifferent Cultures Cause Miscommunication835 Words   |  4 PagesHUE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES ENGLISH DEPARTMENT .................... CROSS- CULTURAL COMMUNICATION Instructor : NGUYEN BACH NGA Group : 8 Student : HO VAN KET Class : ANHSPK10D Student code : 13F7011114 ******* Hue, 2016 ******* TOPIC FOR END-OF-COURSE ASSIGNMENT CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION When people from different cultures communicate, misunderstandings can happen. What are the possible reasons for those misunderstandings and

Study Drugs and College Students Free Essays

A. â€Å"As my classes started adding up my junior year, I seemed to have an immense amount of work and absolutely no time to do any of it. I had always heard about people taking Adderall to focus, study longer, stay awake. We will write a custom essay sample on Study Drugs and College Students or any similar topic only for you Order Now Essentially, to create the time that they needed. So, as the workload piled up, my search for Adderall began. Within twenty four hours I had five pills in my hand, costing me a mere five dollars. Five dollars for an A on an exam didn’t seem as if it were any kind of price to pay at all (In Their Own Words ‘Study Drugs’, 2012). B. We will now learn what types of study drugs are out there, why students take these drugs, and what types of effects these drugs have on students long and short term. II. What are the drugs that students use to help them in their studies? A. The most commonly used study drug is Adderall (mixed salts amphetamine) 1. â€Å"Adderall is indicated for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children ages three and older; it is also indicated for narcolepsy. † (Editorial Board, 2012) 2. Adderall works by stimulating the central nervous system, which increases mental awareness and also causes sleeplessness (Adderall (CII), 2010). B. Other commonly used study drugs are Ritalin, Concerta, Focalin, and Vyvanse. C. These drugs have similar effects in that they are classified as Psychostimulants, which raises the user’s blood pressure and increases focus. (Desantis, 2010) III. Because these drugs work in increasing alertness and decreasing fatigue students use them. A. A 2008 study by Alan DeSantis the head of Communications at the University of Kentucky said, â€Å"81% of students believed that the use of study drugs had little or no physical risk† (Desantis, 2010). B. The pressure put on students to get good grades is a reason that students look for ways to help them in their studies. C. The Exponent reported that almost 3% of college students admitted to taking stimulants without a prescription to improve academic performance (Adderall abuse during exams should be cheating, 2013). IV. Because Drugs work effectively they have the potential to be harmful and addictive. A. Study drugs such as Adderall and Ritalin are amphetamines and can cause irregular heartbeats, high blood pressure, loss of appetite, and sleeplessness (Adderall (CII), 2010). B. Another side effect of continued use is the inability to reach the same stimulation from everyday things (Adderall (CII), 2010). C. Because most of the study drug users don’t have a prescription for the drugs, they don’t know the dosages or how much to take (Review Staff, 2010). V. Conclusion A. Not only are students willing to break the law by using these medications without prescriptions, but some even crush the pills up and snort them. B. All drugs that alter your mood have the risk of addiction, even if they are prescription drugs. C. The chemical compositions of meth and Adderall are only differentiated by one hydrogen bond. Works Cited (2010, May). Adderall (CII). Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved July 1, 2013, from www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/†¦/011522s040lbl.pdf In Their Own Words ‘Study Drugs’. (2012, June 9). New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/06/10/education/stimulants-student-voices.html?_r=0#/#1 Adderall abuse during exams should be cheating. (2013, March 22). The Exponent. Retrieved June 30, 2013, from http://www.purdueexponent.org/opinion/editorals/article Desantis, A. D. (2010). †Adderall is Definitely Not a Drug†: Justifications for the Illegal Use of ADHD Stimulants. Substance Use ; Misuse, 45(1/2), 31-46. Editorial Board. (2012, July 19). Use of ‘study drugs’ gives unfair advantage. Iowa State Daily. Retrieved June 30, 2013, from http://www.iowastatedaily.com/opinion/article Review Staff. (2010, November 16). Adderall not a safe studying aid. The Review (University of Delaware). Retrieved July 2, 2013, from http://www.udreview.com/editorial/adderall-not-a-safe-studying-aid How to cite Study Drugs and College Students, Papers

Health Promotion and Palliative Care †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Health Promotion and Palliative Care. Answer: Introduction Palliative care in health care sector refers to the interdisciplinary medical specialty. These medical specialties focus on prevention and relieving of suffering, pain, and on sustain the ideal value of life for older patients along with their relatives facing severe complications of health. The original belief of palliative care and management of symptoms focus on the establishment and implementation of care plans in keeping with the values and preferences of patients. Therefore, palliative care in facilities for inhabitant aged care helps in the provision of consistent and sustainable communication among patient and all those people involved in caring for the older people who are sick or those who are about to die (Fernando, 2012). The care by different health professionals in these residential aged care facilities focuses on the provision of spiritual, practical, as well as psychosocial support to elderly patients and their relatives who are assisting in the delivery of attention. The palliative care among patients in Australia aims to relieve their suffering at all stages of occurrence of disease, but the care is not limited to ending of life care only (Ashley, 2011). Therefore, this paper explores concepts of palliative care approach in residential care in Australia while demonstrating synthesis of this method with evidence about its application in practice and policy. Australia as a country remains to be a nation with the relatively small and varied people. Calming care among seniors is deliverable through the series of professional from practitioners, relative and conventional mind nurses to massive tertiary recommendation services of calming care. The original state palliative care standards in Australia represent the set of philosophical standards while reflecting the need at the time to aid in promotion and articulation of the vision for the compassionate and proper ending of life care. Therefore, being with few older people, Australia is still lagging behind its fellow OECD nations in the stipulation of home-based calming care. According to Stephenson (2012), calming care remains to be an important public health issue in Australia. The approach of care for aged persons in residential care facilities concerns with the suffering, the dignity, the need of attention, along with the quality of lives of such individuals. Moreover, palliative care a pproach in Australia concerns with the care together with the support of their relatives and friends (Short, 2011). Therefore, palliative care approach is mostly the neglected topic in Australia, but it is one of the issues relevant to everybody in the region. Palliative care approach has resulted in increasing the overall life expectancy in Australia. For instance, the overall expectancy of life among people is increasing in Australia as well as other developed nations. More and more people have been able to tom live beyond sixty-five years of age due to the development of residential aged care facilities that make the application of palliative care to be easy among old persons. Ass part of the population in Australia are aging, the pattern of disease people suffer and die from is also taking drastic changes (White et al., 2011). The past decades before the development of palliative care approach, Australian population saw the dramatic increase in rates of decease from different communicable diseases in childhood along with childhood. Moreover, several individuals losses their lives at earlier stages following various poor health resulting owing to severe chronic situations that founded the extensive choices of social, mental, and psychol ogical tribulations. From To Bougheys (2013) report, systems of health in Australia have been able to focus on the establishment of palliative care approach in facilities for offering care for the aged to assist in meeting the needs of different older people. They address the desires of these individuals by helping in tumbling cases of pain and sustaining individuals of all age groups to exist well and preserve their excellence of life for provided they can. Palliative care has helped in caring for aging persons because as citizens come nearer to their demise, their indicator changes drastically and their want to interact with their relatives, associates, and medical practitioners also amendments. Therefore, the process of coming to the end of life remains to be ab intensely personal event that can be physically and emotionally demanding. Palliative care approach often provides help that the patients and their relatives need when they allow the rapid response as the need for different people increases (Hardy Currow, 2012). These requirements comprise of control of symptoms, comfort, sensitive communication, ensuring proper pain management, precise information, and the coherent package of care. These measures set in place within the palliative care approach in Australia assist people to live meaningfully until the end of life as well as supporting their relatives afterward upon their recovery. Even though older adults die, palliative car e approach in caring for the aged in residential facilities helps in the stipulation of much better being and conditions for recovery, management of pain, and well-being. The method can be applicable in planning for the appropriate treatment towards the end of life. The approach also is essential as it helps in anticipating the comfort patients and their relatives might find in religious along with cultural beliefs (OConnor, 2016). Besides, Australian healthcare systems lack an option of prevarication of activities involved in the provision of calming care in residential aged mind units for patients and their relatives or friends. Therefore, several people are already in need for better care towards the ending of existence within facilities for residing by the aged persons in Australia (Bradleys, 2011). The provision of palliative health care ensures that the Australian health care systems need to plan for the current care that they might need in their future endeavors. Models of health services delivery for older people in Australia Palliative care approach in Australia remained to be the appropriate model for care delivery among the patients in facilities for caring for the aged people. The plan has centered on needs of patients, their relative, and their friends at the ending of life. Besides, the models of health service delivery for elderly individuals within the facility for caring for the older adults in Australia comprises of models like wellness, user-pays, management of the case, along with active aging world health organization. The model of WHO aid in improving the value of patients life along with their relatives that face the same issue linked with life-soothing sickness (Silvester, 2011). The improvement value of life comes during avoidance and assistance of suffering during initial recognition of the issue affecting the person. It also comprises of flawless evaluation and handling of ache and other issues, physical, spiritual, and needs that are psychosocial (McGrath, 2013). The model of wellbeing ensures that the healthcare professionals can have skills for the provision of specialized medical care for patients with serious health complications in Australian society. The well-being model focuses on the delivery of the patient with relief from the pain, severe symptoms, and stress of the severe illness. Therefore, the model proposes for whatever diagnosis to help in improving the conditions of aging people within the residential aged care facilities. The goal of every model of health delivery services for older people within the residential aged care focuses on the upgrading of the value of life. They concentrate on civilizing the value of life for the patient, relatives, and their friends who might be having the responsibility to look after the sick when the health professionals are away to perform other duties. Therefore, palliative care aid in the provision of approaches that help in improving the quality of lives for such individuals. As reported by Gakh (2015), provision of palliative care by the health professionals like nurses, doctors, and another specialist who collaborates to work as a team with patients other doctors help in the provision of the extra layer of support. The collaboration facilitates the process of provision of an additional layer of support to every stakeholder like health professionals, patients, and their relatives in improving the quality of life (Halkett et al., 2013). It is, therefore, appropriate for any age group and at any stage in the serious illness to provide curative treatment to better lives of patients. Palliative care delivery can be profitable in the hospital, ambulance setting, nursing home, or at patients homestead. Besides, palliative care in Australia for homeless persons has remained as an important factor for the population around the nation. The provision of palliative by physicians or advanced nurse in Australia is reimbursable by the government along with commercial insurance sectors (Smyth, 2011). The delivery of health services may be under the specifications of hospice in the case when the patient has the prognosis of almost six months and is willing to focus care on palliative. The patient can also be prepared to concentrate on comfort-oriented services as opposed to treatments that are life prolonging. Hospital-base palliative care programs Hospital palliative care in Australia developed from national efforts to improve spiritual, physical, and psychological suffering of patients along with their relatives hospitalized with severe illness. Bradleys (2011) reports that in Australia, the number of hospitalized based palliative care programs has increased rapidly. The models of hospitalized based palliative care approach service comprise of the palliative care consult service, integrated palliative care, and dedicated palliative care unit models. Consultation services in residential aged care facilities refer to interdisciplinary and consist of physicians like specialists, generalists, and psychiatrists. It also includes nurse practitioners, social employees, registered nurses, chaplains, psychologists, volunteers, and pharmacists (Evan, 2013). Therefore, palliative care approach provides expert pain and management of symptom, communication, and education about achievable targets for health care. Moreover, the goals of the consultation service are to help in the provision of support to the referring clinician. Usually, consultation team provides necessary recommendations to the primary attending physicians. The program allows the palliative care providers to either assume main tasks for their patients in residential aged care units. The providers can also expect to continue in the consulting mode as desired by the first health professionals. Therefore, transfer of the patient to the palliative care unit continues to be the most appropriate idea following indications. It can help patients who have difficulties to control symptoms, medical requirements that cannot be manageable in another setting, and distressed family in need of the higher level of health support. As reported by Mills Mills (2016), high volume palliative care approach may assist in reducing costs incurred during hospital care by matching treatments provide to sick persons and relatives to help in determining goals for health care. Additionally, comanagement models of palliative care results due to the increasing number of integrated models. Successful models for integration of medicine in palliative care approach remain s to be the intensive care unit. Currently, surgical and trauma cases that need intensive care have existed in many hospitals in Australia (Kerr, 2013). These intensive care units focus on how to improve the quality of dying patient who is often preferable to hospitals when there lack improvement and have serious health complications of care in residential amenities. From Smyth (2011) study, models of integrating calming care approach into emergency departments focus on several services. These services include education of urgency room staff on management of symptoms, planning for advanced care, palliative care differs for consultation, and advanced care is planning to access palliative medicine specialists for consultation purposes. Rationale for palliative care approach in Australia The provision of quality of health in residential aged care remains to be tough for health practitioners. Some of the factors that lead to such difficulties among the aging population in Australia include the need to use and achieve the success of high-technology medicine at prolonging lives of the individuals who remain to have severe illness and the increasingly fragmented health system in the region. From Ashley (2011) investigation, a multicenter study that comprises of at least nine thousand severely ill patients in residential aged care facilities in Australia found that cases of pain, depression, anxiety, and dyspnea to be the standard and distressing symptoms among the critically ill patients. Some of the studies that followed this conclusion in the Australian tertiary care centers also conclude the same effect to affect the provision of healthcare in the region. In most cases, soothing care within amenities for provision of care among elderly adults in the area strives to as sist patients with a severe or life-threatening illness. The approach supports such patients to achieve several goals in for their wellbeing. Some of the goals include achievement of a sense of control and adequate control of pain and other health symptoms (Hudson, 2011). Palliative care also aims to relieve the burden of the family member and to strengthen relations between the patients and their relatives. It also helps the patients and their relatives to gain the realistic understanding of the nature of the illness and their future expectation. Therefore, palliative care assists in improving the knowledge of the advantages and disadvantages of available treatment alternatives while weighing them in the context of goals and values of patients admitted in amenities for provision of care among elderly adults. Palliative care also helps in naming the decision makers in cases of loss of decisional capacity (Jane, 2013). It also helps the patients, their families, and their friends who are responsible for the wellbeing of the sick person to have their financial affairs in order during such hard moments. Strategies to reform in the delivery of aged care services The policy makers must be ready to invest their resources towards providing public funds to help in boosting operations among the medical staff. The study by Parker Clifton (2014) has shown that across the range of severe illness like cases of dementia, cancer, end-stage renal disease, and kidney failure, the use of palliative care approaches can aid in improving patients symptoms. Palliative care approaches in such situations of severe illness help in improving the value of care towards patients at dying moments. Therefore, the palliative approach allows patients within the facilities of residential aged care to avoid hospitalization and to remain safely and receive adequate care from their homes. The approach helps in increasing the utilization of hospice thus leading to better patient and satisfaction of family members (Pearson et al., 2016). Moreover, palliative care approach to the amenities for provision of care among elderly adults in Australia helps in reducing cases of prol onged grief and posttraumatic disorder of stress among the family members who are grieving the loss of their loved ones. In most case, calming approach to worry for the elderly and dying persons at the surban aged worry unit help in lowering the costs of delivering care matched to patients and the needs of their relatives (Short, 2011). The approach enables occurrence of cases of avoidance of unnecessary hospitalization, diagnostic, treatment, interventions, and development of emergency departments for the provision of adequate care to patients. According to sediments by Wilkinson Fullerton (2012), patients hospitalized in intensive care units tend to receive benefits of early proactive involvement of palliative care. Such care comprises of more along with previous meetings of relatives at the ICU section and shortening the length of staying when the sick person is under intensive care. The implementation of palliative care procedures among aged care sector aims at proper design an d installation of equipment that enables medical professionals to admit patients quickly with proper documentation of every treatment they give to the sick person. Appropriate strategies facilitate the provision of the palliative care method to be efficient. Health sector within Australia have to be in a position to that can help them to plan and budget for every operation within the facility of residential aged care. Contemporary aged care issues Different problems affect the provision of calming care to sick persons and their relatives in residential aged care units. Some of these matters comprise of legal, political, ethical positions, and philosophical factors. The changing disease patterns in the society form another contemporary issue. Palliative care has anciently offered to people who have cancer and other severe illness, but persons above sixty-five years of age are more likely to die from serious life threatening condition like kidney failures and heart attacks. Proper meeting of the needs of older adults in the future needs the administrations within the health sector to improve and widen the access to palliative care. The idea can include people dying from the disease other than cancer and who have several illnesses. The Australian should be able to provide proper policies that allow implementation of palliative care in the health sector (Sallnow et al., 2016). The government can commence their development plans of its palliative care strategy through endorsement by health authorities. The state is calming care plan that assists general advances to occur in the remit of operations along with areas of medical systems (Palliative care nursing in Australia in a time of national health and hospital reform by David Stephenson, 2011). Availability of funding, relevant philosophical factors, and legal stands are necessary for implementing various activities towards the provision of soothing approach for elderly persons within the residential aged care facilities. The political values for calming care in housing aspire to increase the value of life among patients and their relatives (Stephenson, 2012). Political issues within the care sector need to target focus on the provision of the healthy operating environment. The contemporary issues should receive proper care to help the Australian health sector to compete with the regulation of attention to the increasing number as well as the insight of calm ing care patients, as the population continues to grow in areas. Conclusion Management of residential aged care team in Australia requires a significant set of business along organizational knowledge. Guidance to requirements leads to the creation of various amenities by Australian administration and frameworks of business that enable the process of systematic operations regarding management and development. The people concerns with the whole process of development of palliative care in residential aged care team must comprise of proper skills, desirable, and organizational understanding that are essential in improving provision of health services. The operations of hospital need to follow guidelines based on the delivery of soothing concern in residential elderly care team. The idea assists towards the reinforcement of recommendations that aids in improving the sanitary conditions of sick persons within residential aged care and their relatives. Therefore, palliative care approach helps in articulating the needs of the dying population for what they focus o n attaining dying moments. The implementation of calming care approach in Australia and any other nation around the world must focus on the provision of services in the range of setting that comprise of the aged care homes and palliative care units. References Ashley, C. (2011). Handing over the reins - establishing long-term strategies for embedding advance care planning in rural and remote communities in Australia. BMJ Supportive Palliative Care, 1(1), 75-75. https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2011-000053.33 Bradley, S. (2011). 'I know I should, but I haven't': advance care directive decision-making by baby boomers in South Australia. 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Sector-wide approach to phase III studies. Palliative Medicine, 26(6), 864-864. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269216311435269 Hudson, R. (2011). Advance Care Planning (ACP) within a palliative approach for residential aged care. BMJ Supportive Palliative Care, 1(1), 109-109. https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2011-000053.152 Jane Brooke, N. (2013). Palliative Care has a Place in Residential Aged Care. Journal Of Palliative Care Medicine, 02(02). https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7386.1000e114 Kerr, E. (2013). Back to basics: aged-related macular degeneration. Nursing And Residential Care, 15(7), 484-487. https://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nrec.2013.15.7.484 McGrath, P. (2013). End-of-Life Care in Hematology: Update From Australia. Journal Of Social Work In End-Of-Life Palliative Care, 9(1), 96-110. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15524256.2012.758608 Mills, S., Mills, J. (2016). Future directions for community engagement as a public health approach to palliative care in Australia. Progress In Palliative Care, 24(1), 15-18. https://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743291x15y.0000000012 O'Connor, M., Peters, L. (2014). A Clinical Scholarship Program to improve capacity among palliative care health professionals in Victoria, Australia. Progress In Palliative Care, 22(5), 258-263. https://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743291x14y.0000000086 O'Connor, M., Tan, H., Lau, R. (2016). Outcomes from applying a Palliative Care Satisfaction Survey Instrument in Victoria, Australia. Progress In Palliative Care, 24(2), 93-97. https://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743291x15y.0000000008 Palliative care nursing in Australia in a time of national health and hospital reform by David Stephenson. (2011). Progress In Palliative Care, 19(1), 58-58. https://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174329111x12967522394498 Parker, D., Clifton, K. (2014). Guest commentary: Residential aged care: The de facto hospice for New Zealand's older people. Australasian Journal On Ageing, 33(2), 72-73. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12092 Pearson, C., Donald, E., Stajduhar, K. (2016). P335 Integrating Health Promotion and Palliative Care for a Palliative Approach: A Scoping Review. Journal Of Pain And Symptom Management, 52(6), e152-e153. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2016.10.341 Sallnow, L., Richardson, H., Murray, S., Kellehear, A. (2016). The impact of a new public health approach to end-of-life care: A systematic review. Palliative Medicine, 30(3), 200-211. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269216315599869 Short, C. (2011). Developing a culture of medication safety in the rural palliative care home setting New South Wales (NSW) Australia. BMJ Supportive Palliative Care, 1(1), 92-92. https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2011-000053.91 Silvester, W. (2011). Evolution of advance care planning in Australia - launching the new international advance care planning and end of life care society. BMJ Supportive Palliative Care, 1(1), 66-66. https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2011-000053.3 Smyth, D. (2011). Politics and palliative care: Australia. International Journal Of Palliative Nursing, 17(3), 153-153. https://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijpn.2011.17.3.153 Stephenson, D. (2012). Palliative care nursing in Australia in a time of national health and hospital reform. Progress In Palliative Care, 18(6), 330-334. https://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743291x10y.0000000007 To, T., Boughey, M. (2013). Referral patterns to a palliative care service in rural Australia servicing indigenous Australians. Internal Medicine Journal, 40(11), 772-776. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.2009.02064.x White, B., Willmott, L., Ashby, M. (2011). Palliative care, double effect and the law in Australia. Internal Medicine Journal, 41(6), 485-492. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.2011.02511.x Wilkinson, J., Fullerton, S. (2012). End-of-Life Care for Aged Care Residents Presenting to Emergency Departments. Journal Of Palliative Care Medicine, 02(05). https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7386.1000121